windows server 2003

Windows Server 2003
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Windows Server 2003
(Part of the Microsoft Windows family)
Screenshot

Screenshot of Windows Server 2003 Enterprise Edition
Developer
Microsoft
Web site: www.microsoft.com/windowsserver2003/
Release information
Release date: April 24, 2003 info
Current version: 2003 SP2 (5.2.3790.3959), March 13, 2007 info
Source model: Shared source
License: MS-EULA
Kernel type: Hybrid kernel
Support status
Current


Windows Server 2003 is a server operating system produced by Microsoft. Introduced on April 24, 2003 as the successor to Windows 2000 Server, it is considered by Microsoft to be the cornerstone of their Windows Server System line of business server products. An updated version, Windows Server 2003 R2 was released to manufacturing on 6 December 2005

According to Microsoft, Windows Server 2003 is more scalable and delivers better performance than its predecessor, Windows 2000.[1]Contents [hide]
1 Overview
2 New and updated features
3 Improvements
3.1 Service Pack 1
3.2 Windows Server 2003 R2
3.2.1 New features of Windows Server 2003 R2
3.3 Service Pack 2
4 Variants
4.1 Windows Small Business Server
4.2 Web Edition
4.3 Standard Edition
4.4 Enterprise Edition
4.5 Datacenter Edition
4.6 Windows Compute Cluster Server
4.7 Windows Storage Server
4.7.1 Features
4.7.2 Editions
4.8 Home Server
5 Editions and pricing
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
8.1 Microsoft
8.2 Other


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Overview

Released on April 24, 2003,[2] Windows Server 2003 (which carries the version number 5.2) is the follow-up to Windows 2000 Server, incorporating compatibility and other features from Windows XP. Unlike Windows 2000 Server, Windows Server 2003's default installation has none of the server components enabled, to reduce the attack surface of new machines. Windows Server 2003 includes compatibility modes to allow older applications to run with greater stability. It was made more compatible with Windows NT 4.0 domain-based networking. Incorporating and upgrading a Windows NT 4.0 domain to Windows 2000 was considered difficult and time-consuming, and generally was considered an all-or-nothing upgrade, particularly when dealing with Active Directory. Windows Server 2003 brought in enhanced Active Directory compatibility, and better deployment support, to ease the transition from Windows NT 4.0 to Windows Server 2003 and Windows XP Professional.

Changes to various services include the IIS web server (which was almost completely rewritten to improve performance and security), Distributed File System (which now supports hosting multiple DFS roots on a single server), Terminal Server, Active Directory, Print Server, and a number of other areas. Windows Server 2003 was also the first operating system released by Microsoft after the announcement of their Trustworthy Computing initiative, and as a result, contains a number of changes to security defaults and practices.

The product went through several name changes during the course of development. When first announced in 2000, it was known by its codename, "Whistler Server"; it was then named "Windows 2002 Server" for a brief time in mid-2001, before being renamed "Windows .NET Server" as part of Microsoft's effort to promote their new integrated enterprise and development framework, Microsoft .NET. It was later renamed to "Windows .NET Server 2003". Due to fears of confusing the market about what ".NET" represents and responding to criticism, Microsoft removed .NET from the name during the Release Candidate stage in late-2002. This allowed the name .NET to exclusively apply to the .NET Framework, as previously it had appeared that .NET was just a tag for a generation of Microsoft products.

In 2005, Microsoft announced Windows Server 2008 (at the time known as Windows Server "Longhorn") as the next major version of Windows Server after Windows Server 2003. Windows Server 2008 currently has a targeted release date of February 27, 2008.

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New and updated features
Manage Your Server
See also: Features new to Windows XP
Most versions of Windows Server include Terminal Services support (using the Remote Desktop Protocol), enabling multiple simultaneous remote graphical logins. This enables thin client computing on the windows platform, where all applications run remotely on the server. This feature was first introduced with a special "Terminal Server Edition" of Windows NT Server 4.0, but became more important when made a standard part of Windows 2000.
Internet Information Services (IIS) v6.0 - again, versions of IIS were available on Windows 2000 and earlier, but IIS is improved significantly in Windows Server 2003.
Active Directory - like Terminal Services, significantly improved since Windows 2000.
Increased default security over previous versions, due to the built-in firewall and most services being disabled by default.
Message Queuing - significantly improved since Windows 2000.
Manage Your Server - a role management administrative tool that allows an administrator to choose what functionality the server should provide.

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Improvements

There are a number of improvements from Windows 2000 server, notably:
Improvements to Active Directory (such as the ability to deactivate classes from the schema, or to run multiple instances of the directory server (ADAM))
Improvements to Group Policy handling and administration
Improved disk management, including the ability to back up from shadows of files, allowing the backup of open files.
Improved scripting and command line tools, which are part of Microsoft's initiative to bring a complete command shell to the next version of Windows.
Support for a hardware-based "watchdog timer", which can restart the server if the operating system does not respond within a certain amount of time.[3]

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Service Pack 1

On March 30, 2005, Microsoft released Service Pack 1 for Windows Server 2003. Among the improvements are many of the same updates that were provided to Windows XP users with Service Pack 2. Features that are added with Service Pack 1 include:
Security Configuration Wizard: A tool that allows administrators to more easily research, and make changes to, security policies.[4]
Hot Patching: This feature is set to extend Windows Server 2003 ability to take DLL, Driver, and non-kernel patches without a reboot.
IIS 6.0 Metabase Auditing: Allowing the tracking of metabase edits.[5]
Windows Firewall: Brings many of the improvements from Windows XP Service Pack 2 to Windows Server 2003; also with the Security Configuration Wizard, it allows administrators to more easily manage the incoming open ports, as it will automatically detect and select default roles.
Other networking improvements include support for Wireless Provisioning Services, better IPv6 support, and new protections against SYN flood TCP attacks.[6]
Post-Setup Security Updates: A default mode that is turned on when a Service Pack 1 server is first booted up after installation. It configures the firewall to block all incoming connections, and directs the user to install updates.
Data Execution Prevention (DEP): Support for the No Execute (NX) bit which helps to prevent buffer overflow exploits that are often the attack vector of Windows Server exploits.[7]
Windows Media Player version 10

A full list of updates is available in the Microsoft Knowledge Base.[8]

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Windows Server 2003 R2

Windows Server 2003 R2, an update of Windows Server 2003, was released to manufacturing on 6 December 2005. It is distributed on two CDs, with one CD being the Windows Server 2003 SP1 CD. The other CD adds many optionally installable features for Windows Server 2003. The R2 update was released for all x86 and x64 versions, but not for Itanium versions.[9]

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New features of Windows Server 2003 R2
Branch Office Server Management
Centralized management tools for file and printers
Enhanced Distributed File System (DFS) namespace management interface
More efficient WAN data replication with Remote Differential Compression.
Identity and Access Management
Extranet Single Sign-On and identity federation
Centralized administration of extranet application access
Automated disabling of extranet access based on Active Directory account information
User access logging
Cross-platform web Single Sign-On and password synchronization using Network Information Service (NIS)
Storage Management
File Server Resource Manager (storage utilization reporting)
Enhanced quota management
File screening limits files types allowed
Storage Manager for Storage Area Networks (SAN) (storage array configuration)
Server Virtualization
A new licensing policy allows up to 4 virtual instances on Enterprise Edition and Unlimited on Datacenter Edition
Utilities and SDK for UNIX-Based Applications add-on, giving a relatively full Unix development environment.
Base Utilities
SVR-5 Utilities
Base SDK
GNU SDK
GNU Utilities
Perl 5
Visual Studio Debugger Add-in

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Service Pack 2

Service Pack 2 for Windows Server 2003 was released on March 13, 2007.[10] The release date was originally scheduled for the first half of 2006.[11] On June 13, 2006, Microsoft made an initial test version of Service Pack 2 available to Microsoft Connect users, with a build number of 2721. This was followed by build 2805, known as Beta 2 Refresh. The latest build is the build 3959.

Microsoft has described Service Pack 2 as a "standard" service pack release containing previously-released security updates, hotfixes, and reliability and performance improvements.[12] In addition, Service Pack 2 contains Microsoft Management Console 3.0, Windows Deployment Services (which replaces Remote Installation Services), support for WPA2, and improvements to IPSec and MSConfig. Service Pack 2 also adds Windows Server 2003 Scalable Networking Pack (SNP),[13] which allows hardware acceleration for processing network packets, thereby enabling faster throughput. SNP was previously available as an out-of-band update for Windows Server 2003 Service Pack 1.

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Variants

This Microsoft server comes in several variants, each targeted towards a particular size and type of business: See Compare the Editions of Windows Server 2003 for a concise comparison. In general, all variants of Windows Server 2003 have the ability to share files and printers, act as an application server, and host message queues, provide email services, authenticate users, act as an X.509 certificate server, provide LDAP directory services, serve streaming media, and to perform other server-oriented functions.

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Windows Small Business Server
Main article: Windows Small Business Server

SBS includes Windows Server and additional technologies aimed at providing a small business with a complete technology solution. The technologies are integrated to enable small business with targeted solutions such as the Remote Web Workplace, and offer management benefits such as integrated setup, enhanced monitoring, a unified management console, and remote access.

The Standard Edition of SBS includes Windows SharePoint Services for collaboration, Microsoft Exchange server for e-mail, Fax Server, and the Active Directory for user management. The product also provides a basic firewall, DHCP server and NAT router using either two network cards or one network card in addition to a hardware router.

The Premium Edition of SBS includes the above plus Microsoft SQL Server 2000 and Microsoft Internet Security and Acceleration Server 2004.

SBS has its own type of Client Access License (CAL) that is different and costs slightly more than CALs for the other editions of Windows Server 2003. However, the SBS CAL encompasses the user CALs for Windows Server, Exchange Server, SQL Server, and ISA Server, and hence is less expensive than buying all the other CALs individually.

SBS server has the following design limitations:[14]
Only one computer in a domain can be running Windows Server 2003 for Small Business Server.
Windows Server 2003 for Small Business Server must be the root of the Active Directory forest.
Windows Server 2003 for Small Business Server cannot trust any other domains.
Windows Server 2003 for Small Business Server is limited to 75 users or devices depending on which type of CAL.
Windows Server 2003 for Small Business Server is limited to 4GB of RAM (Random Access Memory).
A Windows Server 2003 for Small Business Server domain cannot have any child domains.
Terminal Services only operates in remote administration mode on the server running SBS 2003, and only two simultaneous RDP sessions are allowed. (Change from SBS 2000 policy)[15]
To remove the limits from SBS server and upgrade from Small Business Server to regular Windows Server, Exchange Server, SQL and ISA server versions there is a Windows Small Business Server 2003 R2 Transition Pack.[1]

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Web Edition

Windows Server 2003, Web Edition is mainly for building and hosting Web applications, Web pages, and XML Web Services. It is designed to be used primarily as an IIS 6.0 Web server and provides a platform for rapidly developing and deploying XML Web services and applications that use ASP.NET technology, a key part of the .NET Framework. This edition does not require Client Access Licenses and Terminal Server mode is not included on Web Edition. However, Remote Desktop for Administration is available on Windows Server 2003, Web Edition. Only 10 concurrent file-sharing connections are allowed at any moment. It is not possible to install Microsoft SQL Server and Microsoft Exchange software in this edition. However MSDE and SQL Server 2005 Express are fully supported after service pack 1 is installed. Despite supporting XML Web Services and ASP.NET, UDDI cannot be deployed on Windows Server 2003, Web Edition. The .NET Framework version 2.0 is not included with Windows Server 2003, Web Edition, but can be installed as a separate update from Windows Update.

Windows Server 2003 Web Edition supports a maximum of 2 processors with support for a maximum of 2GB of RAM. Additionally, Windows Server 2003, Web Edition cannot act as a domain controller.[16] Additionally, it is the only version of Windows Server 2003 that does not include client number limitation upon Windows update services as it does not require Client Access Licenses.

[edit]
Standard Edition

Windows Server 2003, Standard Edition is aimed towards small to medium sized businesses. Standard Edition supports file and printer sharing, offers secure Internet connectivity, and allows centralized desktop application deployment. This edition of Windows will run on up to 4 processors with up to 4 GB RAM. 64-bit versions are also available for the x86-64 architecture (AMD64 and EM64T, called collectively x64 by Microsoft). The 64-bit version of Windows Server 2003, Standard Edition is capable of addressing up to 32 GB of RAM and it also supports Non-Uniform Memory Access (NUMA), something the 32-bit version does not do.

[edit]
Enterprise Edition

Windows Server 2003, Enterprise Edition is aimed towards medium to large businesses. It is a full-function server operating system that supports up to eight processors and provides enterprise-class features such as eight-node clustering using Microsoft Cluster Server (MSCS) software and support for up to 32 GB of memory with addition of the PAE parameter in the initialization file. Enterprise Edition also comes in 64-bit versions for the Itanium and x64 architectures. The 64-bit version of Windows Server 2003, Enterprise Edition [64-bit] is capable of addressing up to 1 Terabyte (1024 GB) of RAM. Both 32-bit and 64-bit versions support Non-Uniform Memory Access (NUMA). It also provides the ability to hot-add supported hardware.

[edit]
Datacenter Edition

Windows Server 2003, Datacenter Edition is designed[17] for infrastructures demanding high security and reliability. Windows Server 2003 is available for x86 32-bit, Itanium, and x64 processors. It supports a minimum of 8 processors and a maximum of 64 processors; however it is limited to 32 processors when run on 32-bit architecture. 32-bit architecture also limits memory addressability to 64GB, while the 64-bit versions support up to 512 GB. Windows Server 2003, Datacenter Edition, also allows limiting processor and memory usage on a per-application basis.

Windows Server 2003 Datacenter Edition also supports Non-Uniform Memory Access. If supported by the system, Windows, with help from the system firmware creates a Static Resource Affinity Table that defines the NUMA topology of the system. Windows then uses this table to optimize memory accesses, and provide NUMA awareness to applications, thereby increasing the efficiency of thread scheduling and memory management.

Windows Server 2003, Datacenter edition has better support for Storage Area Networks (SAN). It features a service which uses Windows sockets to emulate TCP/IP communication over native SAN service providers, thereby allowing a SAN to be accessed over any TCP/IP channel. With this, any application that can communicate over TCP/IP can use a SAN, without any modification to the application.

Windows Server 2003, Datacenter edition, also supports 8-node clustering. Clustering increases availability and fault tolerance of server installations, by distributing and replicating the service among many servers. Windows supports clustering, with each cluster having its own dedicated storage, or all clusters connected to a common Storage Area Network (SAN), which can be running on Windows as well as non-Windows Operating systems. The SAN may be connected to other computers as well.

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Windows Compute Cluster Server

Windows Compute Cluster Server 2003 (CCS), released in June 2006, is designed for high-end applications that require high performance computing clusters. It is designed to be deployed on numerous computers to be clustered together to achieve supercomputing speeds. Each Compute Cluster Server network comprises at least one controlling head node and subordinate processing nodes that carry out most of the work.

Computer Cluster Server uses the Microsoft Messaging Passing Interface v2 (MS-MPI) to communicate between the processing nodes on the cluster network. It ties nodes together with a powerful inter-process communication mechanism which can be complex because of communications between hundreds or even thousands of processors working in parallel.

The application programming interface consists of over 160 functions. A job launcher enables users to execute jobs to be executed in the computing cluster. MS MPI was designed to be compatible with the reference open source MPI2 specification which is widely used in High-performance computing (HPC). With some exceptions because of security considerations, MS MPI covers the complete set of MPI2 functionality as implemented in MPICH2, except for the planned future features of dynamic process spawn and publishing.

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Windows Storage Server

Windows Storage Server 2003, a part of the Windows Server 2003 series is a specialized server Operating System for Network Attached Storage (NAS). It is optimized for use in file and print sharing and also in Storage Area Network (SAN) scenarios. It is only available through OEMs. Unlike other Windows Server 2003 editions that provide file and printer sharing functionality, Windows Storage Server 2003 does not require any Client access licenses.

Windows Storage Server 2003 NAS equipment can be headless, which means that they are without any monitors, keyboards or mice, and are administered remotely. Such devices are plugged into any existing IP network and the storage capacity is available to all users. Windows Storage Server 2003 can use RAID arrays to provide data redundancy, fault-tolerance and high-performance. Multiple such NAS servers can be clustered to appear as a single device. This allows for very high performance as well as allowing the service to remain up even if one of the servers goes down.

Windows Storage Server 2003 can also be used to create a Storage Area Network, in which the data is transferred in terms of chunks rather than files, thus providing more granularity to the data that can be transferred. This provides higher performance to database and transaction processing applications. Windows Storage Server 2003 also allows NAS devices to be connected to a SAN.

Windows Storage Server 2003 R2, as a follow-up to Windows Storage Server 2003, adds file-server performance optimization, Single Instance Storage (SIS), and index-based search. Single instance storage (SIS) scans storage volumes for duplicate files, and moves the duplicate files to the common SIS store. The file on the volume is replaced with a link to the file. This substitution reduces the amount of storage space required, by as much as 70%.[18]

Windows Storage Server R2 provides an index-based, full-text search based on the indexing engine already built-in Windows server.[18] The updated search engine speeds up indexed searches on network shares. Storage Server R2 also provides filters for searching many standard file formats, such as .zip, AutoCAD, XML, MP3, and .pdf, and all Microsoft Office file formats.

Windows Storage Server 2003 R2 includes built in support for Windows SharePoint Services and Microsoft SharePoint Portal Server, and adds Storage Management snap-in for the Microsoft Management Console. It can be used to centrally manage storage volumes, including DFS shares, on servers running Windows Storage Server R2.

Windows Storage Server R2 can be used as an iSCSI target with standard and enterprise editions of Windows Storage Server R2, incorporating WinTarget iSCSI technology which Microsoft acquired in 2006 by from StringBean software.[19][20] This will be an add on feature available for purchase through OEM partners as an iSCSI feature pack, or is included in some versions of WSS as configured by OEMs.

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Features
Distributed File System (DFS): DFS allows multiple network shares to be aggregated as a virtual file system.
Support for SAN and iSCSI: Computers can connect to a Storage Server over the LAN, and there is no need for a separate fibre channel network. Thus a Storage Area Network can be created over the LAN itself. iSCSI uses the SCSI protocol to transfer data as a block of bytes, rather than as a file. This increases performance of the Storage network in some scenarios, such as using a database server.
Virtual Disc Service: It allows NAS devices, RAID devices and SAN shares to be exposed and managed as if they were normal hard drives.
JBOD systems: JBOD (Just a bunch of discs) systems, by using VDS, can manage a group of individual storage devices as a single unit. There is no need for the storage units to be of the same make and model.
Software and Hardware RAID: Windows Storage Server 2003 has intrinsic support for hardware implementation of RAID. In case hardware support is not available, it can use software enabled RAID. In that case, all processing is done by the OS.
Multi Path IO (MPIO): It provides an alternate connection to IO devices in case the primary path is down.

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Editions

Windows Storage Server 2003 R2 is available in the following versions: Standard Edition Enterprise Edition
Number of physical* CPUs 1-4 1-8
32-bit and 64-bit versions available Yes Yes
Numbers of disk drives Unlimited Unlimited
NICs Unlimited Unlimited
Print service Yes Yes
CALs required No No
iSCSI target support Optional Optional


Windows Unified Data Storage Server is a version of Windows Storage Server 2003 R2 with iSCSI target support standard, available in only the standard and enterprise editions.
Microsoft defines a physical CPU/processor as a single socket/node on the systemboard. For O/S licensing purposes, a dual-socket single-core (Intel Pentium/4 Xeon, AMD Athlon/64) system counts as a total of 2 processors, whereas a single-socket quad-core CPU (such as AMD's Barcelona and Intel's Core 2 Quad) counts as 1 processor. Microsoft's policy has no bearing on how third-party software vendors (such as Oracle) administer CPU licensing for their server applications.

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Home Server
Main article: Windows Home Server

Windows Home Server is an operating system from Microsoft based on Windows Server 2003 SP2. Announced on January 7, 2007 at the Consumer Electronics Show by Bill Gates, Windows Home Server is intended to be a solution for homes with multiple connected PCs to offer file sharing, automated backups, and remote access.

Windows Home Server began shipment to OEMs on 15th September 2007.[21]

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Editions and pricing
Small Business Server
Average cost is US$599, the product is purchased through a brick-and-mortar retailer, while an open new license must be purchased through a volume license reseller.
Web Edition
This operating system is priced at US$397. Client Access Licenses are not required.
Standard Edition
This operating system is priced at US$999, although licenses may be purchased for less from a reseller. For more than 5 Active Directory remote-connected users (users of Exchange, for example) additional costs are incurred.
Enterprise Edition
This operating system is priced at US$3,999. For more than 25 remote-connected users, additional costs are incurred (either CALs or the EC license).
Datacenter Edition
Microsoft's website shows Datacenter Edition R2 expansion for US$2,999.
Compute Cluster Edition
This operating system's price is US$469.
Storage Server
This operating system's price is unknown, since it must be obtained through an OEM. It is rumored to cost between US$500 and US$1000. Smaller OEMs interested in shipping systems which include Windows Storage Server (and Microsoft iSCSI Target Software) may find the following article of interest.
External Connector
An additional license required when non-employees authenticate to Windows applications, for example on an Internet-connected application server. Priced at US$3999 per server.
USA Nonprofit Pricing

In the USA, Microsoft products, including Windows Server, are available under the Microsoft Donation Program for qualifying 501(c)(3) educational nonprofit organizations for a nominal administrative fee. The program is administered at http://www.techsoup.org/stock.

All these prices are estimated retail; actual prices will vary depending on the reseller.

Free trial versions of Windows Server 2003 x86 and Windows Server 2003 for Itanium 64 can be downloaded from microsoft.com and used for 180 days.[22]

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See also
Comparison of operating systems
Windows Server System